{"id":3934,"date":"2018-08-03T18:53:25","date_gmt":"2018-08-03T23:53:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iseai.org\/?p=3934"},"modified":"2022-11-15T11:31:30","modified_gmt":"2022-11-15T16:31:30","slug":"a-letter-from-dr-ackerley-to-the-australian-parliament","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iseai.org\/a-letter-from-dr-ackerley-to-the-australian-parliament\/","title":{"rendered":"A Letter from Dr Ackerley to the Australian Parliament"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p><strong>Note:<\/strong> Please see the Australian Parliament&#8217;s recent response, the\u00a0<em>&#8220;Report on the Inquiry into Biotoxin-related Illnesses in Australia&#8221;<\/em>\u00a0[<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aph.gov.au\/~\/media\/02%20Parliamentary%20Business\/24%20Committees\/243%20Reps%20Committees\/Health\/45%20parl\/111018%20Report%20on%20the%20Inquiry%20into%20Biotoxin-related%20Illnesses%20in%20Australia.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF<\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aph.gov.au\/Parliamentary_Business\/Committees\/House\/Health_Aged_Care_and_Sport\/Completed_inquiries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">web page<\/a>]\n<div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:30px;margin-bottom:30px;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-dotted\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#c1bfbf;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><\/p>\n<p><strong>Neuropsychiatric Consequences of Mold Exposure<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>By\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/iseai.org\/board-of-directors\/\">Mary Ackerley, MD<\/a>, ISEAI Vice President. Dr Mary&#8217;s practice: <a href=\"http:\/\/mypassion4health.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">My Passion 4 Health<\/a>. (<a href=\"http:\/\/mypassion4health.com\/australian-parliament-letter-effects-of-mold-on-neuropsychiatric-functioning\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Original Article<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p><em>Here is a letter I was asked recently to write to the Australian Parliament about the effects of mold on neuropsychiatric functioning. I find it very exciting that one government on this planet is recognizing that mold exposure is a real health issue:<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Att: The Australian Parliament\u2019s House Standing Committee on Health, Aged Care and Sport<\/strong><br \/>\nI am a trained board certified integrative physician, MD MD(H) and ABIHM as well as a Summa Cum Laude graduate of Harvard University and a John Hopkins classically trained board certified psychiatrist. I specialize in the treatment of chronic fatigue and biotoxin illness and have treated more than a 1000 patients with Chronic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, or CIRS, since 2010.<\/p>\n<p>More than half of the currently identified symptoms constituting CIRS are related to the brain. These are neurological, cognitive and psychiatric including tremors, memory and focus issues, mood swings, dysautonomias, decreased ability to assimilate new information and hypothalamic pituitary axis dysregulation. An article I wrote in 2014 called\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/paradigmchange.me\/wp\/fire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Brain on Fire<\/a> details my observations that inhalation of the contaminants of a water damaged building can quickly induce psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety, rage and suicidal ideation. Since then neuropsychiatric research using PET scanning has validated these observations by showing inflammatory markers are strongly present in ADD, depression with suicidal ideation, OCD, Alzheimer\u2019s and schizophrenia.<\/p>\n<p>The public mental health implications of inhalational toxicity are staggering. In the US a recent study showed the prevalence of indoor mold growth affected more than 50 percent of households in 5 communities. At least 25 percent of the population is said to be vulnerable to mold. Many of us treating patients feel the number is much higher, and recent HLA data from a wide range of demographics supports this observation. Given that depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, how many people could be restored to working capacity by recognizing and treating exposure to mold? Look at the climbing suicide rates worldwide \u2013 could some of these be prevented also by recognizing the toxic contribution of mold inhalation. In schools, how many cases of asthma and ADD could be prevented? Perhaps one of the most worrisome research findings is a Polish study showing a decrease in IQ of over 10 points in children from ages one to 6 who lived in homes with visible mold.<\/p>\n<p>I have included multiple scientific references supporting these claims. I am optimistic that when the Australian Parliament begins to review the current evidence for chronic inflammation due to exposure to water damaged buildings that they will be motivated to make the changes necessary to support research and treatment.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ratnaseelan, A. M., Tsilioni, I. &amp; Theoharides, T. C. Effects of Mycotoxins on Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Immune Processes.\u00a0<i>Clin. Ther.<\/i>\u00a040<b>,<\/b>\u00a0903\u2013917 (2018).\u00a0doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinthera.2018.05.004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1016\/j.clinthera.2018.05.004<\/a>\u00a0PMID: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29880330\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">29880330<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Holmes SE, Hinz R, Conen S, et al. Elevated Translocator Protein in Anterior Cingulate in Major Depression and a Role for Inflammation in Suicidal Thinking: A Positron Emission Tomography Study.\u00a0<i>Biol Psychiatry<\/i>. 2017;0(0).\u00a0doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.08.005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.08.005<\/a> PMID: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28939116\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">28939116<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Tuuminen T, Rinne KS. Severe Sequelae to Mold-Related Illness as Demonstrated in Two Finnish Cohorts.\u00a0<i>Front Immunol<\/i>. 2017;8:382. doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00382\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00382<\/a> PMID: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28421079\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">28421079<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Bredesen, D. E. Inhalational Alzheimer\u2019s disease: an unrecognized \u2013 and treatable \u2013 epidemic.\u00a0<i>Aging (Albany. NY).<\/i>\u00a08<b>,<\/b>304\u201313 (2016).\u00a0doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/aging.100896\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.18632\/aging.100896<\/a>\u00a0PMID: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26870879\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">26870879<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Bredesen, D.E., Amos, E.C.,Canick, J., Ackerley, M., Raji, C., Milan, F., M.F, &amp; Ahdidan, J. (2016). Reversal of cognitive decline in Alzheimer\u2019s disease.\u00a0<i>Aging, 8<\/i>(6), 1250-1258. doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/aging.100981\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.18632\/aging.100981<\/a> PMID <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27294343\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">27294343<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Alonso, R., Pisa, D., Fern\u00e1ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez, A. M. &amp; Carrasco, L. Infection of Fungi and Bacteria in Brain Tissue From Elderly Persons and Patients With Alzheimer\u2019s Disease.\u00a0<i>Front. Aging Neurosci.<\/i>\u00a010<b>,<\/b>\u00a0159 (2018). doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00159\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00159<\/a>\u00a0PMID: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29881346\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">29881346<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Ullrich, M.\u00a0<i>et al.<\/i>\u00a0OCD-like behavior is caused by dysfunction of thalamo-amygdala circuits and upregulated TrkB\/ERK-MAPK signaling as a result of SPRED2 deficiency.\u00a0<i>Mol. Psychiatry<\/i>\u00a023<b>,<\/b>\u00a0444\u2013458 (2018).\u00a0doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mp.2016.232\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1038\/mp.2016.232<\/a>\u00a0PMID: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28070119\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">28070119<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Jedrychowski, W.\u00a0<i>et al.<\/i>\u00a0Cognitive function of 6-year old children exposed to mold-contaminated homes in early postnatal period. Prospective birth cohort study in Poland.\u00a0<i>Physiol. Behav.<\/i>\u00a0104<b>,<\/b>\u00a0989\u2013995 (2011).\u00a0doi:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2011.06.019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1016\/j.physbeh.2011.06.019<\/a>\u00a0PMID:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21763705\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">21763705<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Indoor, G. &amp; Network, H. Global Indoor Health Network (GIHN) Diagnosis and Treatment of Illness Caused by Contaminants in Water-Damaged Buildings Table of Contents. 1\u201370 (2018). <a href=\"https:\/\/irp-cdn.multiscreensite.com\/562d25c6\/files\/uploaded\/GIHN_Diagnosis%20and%20Treatment%20of%20Illness%20Caused%20by%20Contaminants%20in%20Water-Damaged%20Buildings_June%205_2018.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Hope, J. A review of the mechanism of injury and treatment approaches for illness resulting from exposure to water-damaged buildings, mold, and mycotoxins.\u00a0<i>Sci. World J.<\/i>\u00a02013<b>,<\/b>\u00a06\u201310 (2013).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/767482\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/767482<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Spengler J, Neas LM, Nakai C, et al. Respiratory symptoms and housing characteristics. Indoor Air. 1994; 4:72\u201382.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0668.1994.t01-2-00002.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0668.1994.t01-2-00002.x<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Best Regards,<br \/>\nMary Ackerley MD<\/p>\n<p><b>APPENDIX<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Title:\u00a0<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/cB7X-bCkd7c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Brain on Fire \u2013 Brain Changes in Mold Illness Webinar<\/a>\u00a0(YouTube)<b><br \/>\n<\/b><b>Attendees:\u00a0<\/b>Dr. Mary Ackerley &amp; Dr. Sandeep Gupta<b><br \/>\n<\/b><b>Full Transcript:<\/b>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.moldillnessmadesimple.com\/brain-on-fire-brain-changes-in-mold-illness-with-dr-ackerley\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.moldillnessmadesimple.com\/brain-on-fire-brain-changes-in-mold-illness-with-dr-ackerley\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Frontal Lobes<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The mainstay of what I see are people whose primary complaints are \u201cmy brain doesn\u2019t work\u201d, \u201cI\u2019m depressed all the time\u201d, \u201cI\u2019m so anxious that I can\u2019t sleep\u201d, \u201cI can\u2019t think about anything and I don\u2019t even know what to do\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>The atrophy and the swelling combine to make what we commonly refer to as \u2018mold brain\u2019, which is cognitive impairment, in focus, in memory, in short-term memory, the inability to assimilate new information.<\/li>\n<li>The swelling in particular affects the frontal lobes. Inhalation is going to occur through the nose. So, because the blood-brain barrier is hyper-permeable, it leads to microvascular cerebral edema, seen usually only with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cortechslabs.com\/neuroquant\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NeuroQuant<\/a>\u00a0(volumetric MRI).<\/li>\n<li>It\u2019s that inflammation, or swelling of the frontal lobes, that leads to some of the executive functions being impaired. The executive in the brain focuses and organizes, and that\u2019s something that can be really difficult for people \u2013 certainly in the beginning stages of the illness. It\u2019s also the emotional regulator of the brain.<\/li>\n<li>You have a limbic system generating a lot of emotions and impulses and it is the executive who listens to them and says \u2018Stop. We can think that but not say it because it\u2019s going to have consequences down the road if you tell your boss what you really think about (or tell your wife, etc)\u2019. It\u2019s that lack of emotional regulation which can be seen as rage or irritability that often characterizes some patients.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Caudate<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The caudate is the most\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dopamine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dopamine<\/a>\u00a0rich part of the brain and dopamine, as most people know, is our passion neurohormone or neurotransmitter. It has to do with pleasure and reward, and so obviously if that starts getting smaller there\u2019s going to be less ability for a person to experience pleasure in their life, and reward.<\/li>\n<li>One of the things most associated with caudate atrophy will be lack of motivation. Motivation is passion and passion is pleasure and you have to get excited about things to want to do things and what you see (and what most people experience) is the life just becomes somewhat grey \u2013 or a lot grey. It\u2019s being run really more by what we call the amygdala, which deals with fear and survival and things you\u00a0<i>have<\/i>\u00a0to do (you\u00a0<i>have<\/i>\u00a0to pay your taxes, you\u00a0<i>have<\/i>\u00a0to pick up your kids, you have to do this). It doesn\u2019t have a lot to do with getting up in the morning and thinking \u201cwow, I can\u2019t wait to write that book\u201d or \u201cI can\u2019t wait to go paint this painting\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>Deficits in the basal ganglia are associated with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parkinson%27s_disease\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Parkinson\u2019s<\/a>, which is a disorder of decreased dopamine. Slowed movement is probably one of the first things we notice in Parkinson\u2019s \u2013 and tremor. Tremor can be seen fairly frequently in mold. It\u2019s one of the things that brings people in, too. \u201cI have a tremor, I\u2019m really worried.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>People, often, when you say the brain is swollen will go \u201cYes, I know it. I feel it. I can feel my head. It is like it just wants to pop out and I feel pressure \u2013 and especially pressure in the back of the head and the headaches there.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Cerebellum<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What I see is that more commonly that large cerebellum (which is at the back of the brain), is going to, we presume, decrease the ability of the CFS to flow easily out of the brain, does contribute to making VIP in particular harder to tolerate and may actually even make binders harder to tolerate, again, because we\u2019re going to be pulling toxins.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>AD &amp; Multinuclear Atrophy<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Multinuclear atrophy is also associated with aging and we\u2019re going to see more as people get older. It\u2019s not necessarily Alzheimer\u2019s, either. It does just seem to be a factor in growing older.<\/li>\n<li>So, the recovery we did see in the hippocampus \u2013 that\u2019s the one that\u2019s most associated with Alzheimer\u2019s \u2013 when that is two standard deviations below the cut offs of the means for the age and the ventricles are two standard deviations above. That one you can get better, and everyone is looking for actual reversal of Alzheimer\u2019s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Cognitive and Neurological Symptoms in the\u00a0<\/b><a href=\"http:\/\/www.toxicmould.org\/symptoms-of-mould-illness\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Symptoms Cluster Table<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Anxiety is not there, but in my experience and in many physicians\u2019 experience, anxiety is one of the most prominent symptoms.<\/li>\n<li>As well as mood-swings, there\u2019s all the focus, decreased word finding, concentration problems, ability to assimilate new information, those are the cognitive issues.<\/li>\n<li>Then there are the more neurological issues. Light sensitivity tends to be a real symptom of neuroinflammation. Sensitivity to sounds, sensitivity to light, sensitivity to smell. Smell gets labelled as multiple chemical sensitivity, for other people sounds and lights are worse. It\u2019s neuroinflammation.<\/li>\n<li>Vision is actually a neurological function. That\u2019s the blurred vision \u2013 and visual contrast when you fail it, is a measure really more of neurological function. Vertigo is another neurological symptom and the thermal regulation that is often seen.<\/li>\n<li>You can make the case that the brain is involved in everything \u2013 pain and headaches too.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Blood Markers<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>TGF-\u03b21 is associated with Alzheimer\u2019s, when they do spinal taps. We know it is certainly playing a role in atrophy in the brain.<\/li>\n<li>MMP-9 seems to cause more \u2018leakiness\u2019 of the blood-brain barrier and is associated with headaches in the brain.<\/li>\n<li>C4a. They studied about 60,000 people and found a genetic marker for schizophrenia. It\u2019s an indicator that the innate immune system has been activated and about how much activation is going on.<\/li>\n<li>What C4 does in the brain, is something called pruning. C4a actively prunes and over-prunes the brain and there\u2019s some speculation that this is what\u2019s happening in schizophrenia \u2013 the gardener has overdone it and lost vital connections. The slate has become too fresh.<\/li>\n<li>I am going to make a point at the end of this at how common this inflammation is that has been linked to schizophrenia and it\u2019s the first thing in psychiatry, really, that starts to approach science \u2013 on the level of what we see in, say, cancer or cardiology.<\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Black mold, black thoughts<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>I\u2019ve talked before about how people can walk into water-damaged buildings and really very quickly start to feel suicidal (and they were feeling fine beforehand). I call it \u201cBlack mold, black thoughts\u201d. And it can reverse as quickly as turning around and getting out of the building.<\/li>\n<li>For some people it\u2019s not as dramatic, it\u2019s irritability, anger. Things are happy, you are getting along with your spouse and you walk into a building and all of a sudden everything rotten they\u2019ve done is just right there at the tip of your tongue \u2013 think about it for a second.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>REFERENCES<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Beck, K. &amp; Schachtrup, C. (2011). Vascular damage in the central nervous system: a multifaceted role for vascular-derived TGF-\u03b2.\u00a0<i>Cell and tissue research, 347<\/i>(1), 187-201.\u00a0doi:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00441-011-1228-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1007\/s00441-011-1228-0<\/a>\u00a0 PMID\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21850492\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">21850492<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Bennett, S., Grant, M., Creese, A.J., Mangialasche, F., Cecchetti, R., Cooper, H.J., Mecocci, P. &amp; Aldred, S. (2012). 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Contribution of matrix metalloproteinase-9 to cerebral edema and functional outcome following experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage.\u00a0<i>Cerebrovasc Dis.<\/i>\u00a02011;32(3):289-95.\u00a0 doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000328248\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1159\/000328248<\/a>\u00a0PMID\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21912109\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">21912109<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Horowitz, J. et al. (2015). Exposure to the mold Stachybotrys alters microglial morphology differentially in CA1 and CA2-3 of the dorsomedial hippocampus.\u00a0<i>Brain, Behavior, and Immunity<\/i>, 49, Supplement, October 2015, Page e32\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.06.127\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.06.127<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Kashima, R. &amp; Hata, A. (2018). The role of TGF- \u03b2 superfamily signalling in neurological disorders<i>. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai).<\/i>\u00a02018 Jan 1;50(1):106-120. doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/abbs\/gmx124\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1093\/abbs\/gmx124<\/a>\u00a0PMID\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29190314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">29190314<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Macfarlane et al. (2013). Executive dysfunction correlates with caudate nucleus atrophy in patients with white matter changes on MRI: a subset of LADIS.\u00a0<i>Psychiatry Res.<\/i>\u00a02013 Oct 30;214(1):16-23. doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2013.05.010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2013.05.010<\/a>\u00a0PMID\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23916538\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">23916538<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Melbourne, J.K., Rosen, C., Feiner, B. &amp; Sharma, R.P.. (2018). C4A mRNA expression in PBMCs predicts the presence and severity of delusions in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with psychosis. Schizophr Res. 2018 Feb 12. pii: S0920-9964(18)30038-0. doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.018<\/a>\u00a0PMID\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29449061\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">29449061<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Salins et al. (2008). TGF-beta1 is increased in a transgenic mouse model of familial Alzheimer\u2019s disease and causes neuronal apoptosis.\u00a0<i>Neurosci Lett<\/i>. 2008 Jan 3;430(1):81-6. Epub 2007 Oct 30.\u00a0doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.10.025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.10.025<\/a> PMID\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18063474\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">18063474<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Sekar et al. (2016). 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Nature. 2016 Feb 11;530(7589):177-83. doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature16549\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1038\/nature16549<\/a>\u00a0PMID\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26814963\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">26814963<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3933,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[49,50],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>A Letter from Dr Ackerley to the Australian Parliament &#8211; 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